New Market Tax Credit Genetic Twins for Metropolitan US Cities
24 January, 2021
# need this installed to use
# genetic matching option in MatchIt
# install.packages("rgenoud")
# load package
library( MatchIt )
library( here )
library( dplyr )
library( geojsonio )
library( sp )
library( pander )This code walks through how to make genetic twins for treated census tracts that received New Market Tax Credits (NMTC) between 2000-2017, utilizing dorling shape files that were created for this project and can be found here: https://github.com/DS4PS/usa-dorling-shapefiles/tree/master/maps/metros-dorling
Cases are matched to identify twin untreated tracts in 2000 utilizing the census variables that measure:
- Unemployment - College
We have created a data frame that combines census data and NMTC data, assigning the treatment variable to the NMTC tracts, and control to those that have not received funding under this program.
STEP 01
Load a catalog of URLs of dorling cartograms for each CBSA metro area in the US.
load_crosswalk <- function( )
{
dorlings.url <- "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/meliapetersen/matching-project/master/data/cbsa-names-and-shapefiles.csv"
dorlings.catalog <- read.csv( dorlings.url )
return( dorlings.catalog )
}Load a dorling cartogram for one metro area:
get_dorling <- function( cbsa, dorlings.catalog=NULL, mapit=FALSE )
{
if( is.null(dorlings.catalog) ){ dorlings.catalog <- load_crosswalk() }
file.name <- dorlings.catalog$shapefile[ dorlings.catalog$cbsa == cbsa ]
base.url <- "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DS4PS/usa-dorling-shapefiles/master/maps/metros-dorling/"
full.url <- paste0( base.url, file.name )
map <- geojsonio::geojson_read( x=full.url, what="sp" )
if( mapit ){ plot( map ) }
return( map )
}Test the function with New Orleans data:
STEP 02
Load the New Market Tax Credit treatment data:
Add the treatment data to the dorling spatial object:
add_treatment <- function( df.treatment, dorling.object )
{
# merge leftjoin dorling object and treatment data
dorling.object <- merge( dorling.object, df.treatment, by.x="GEOID", by.y="id2", all.x=TRUE )
# create treatment variable
treatment <- dorling.object$treatment
# omit NAs
treatment[ is.na(treatment) ] <- 0
#add treatment variable back into df
dorling.object$treatment <- treatment
return( dorling.object )
}Test the function:
new.orleans <- add_treatment( df.treatment, dorling.object=new.orleans )
# unit test - make sure data merge worked
table( new.orleans$treatment, useNA="ifany" )##
## 0 1
## 335 54STEP 03
Match the “treated” census tracts (those that received federal aid) with equivalent untreated tracts using the matchit package.
match_tracts <- function( fo, dorling.object )
{
# extract data frame from sp object
# rename rows using tract IDs
df <- as.data.frame( dorling.object )
row.names(df) <- df$GEOID
# convert string to formula object
fo <- as.formula( fo )
matchit.object <- NULL
# find matches in dataframe based on Household income, college education, and whiteness
try(
invisible({ capture.output({
matchit.object <- matchit( fo,
method="genetic", discard="both", reestimate=TRUE,
replace=FALSE, caliper=.25, data = df )
}) }),
silent=TRUE )
return( matchit.object )
}Test the function:
# define the matching function formula
fo <- as.formula( " treatment ~ hinc12 + pcol12 + pnhwht12" )
new.orleans.matches <-
match_tracts( fo, new.orleans )
summary( new.orleans.matches )##
## Call:
## matchit(formula = fo, data = df, method = "genetic", discard = "both",
## reestimate = TRUE, replace = FALSE, caliper = 0.25)
##
## Summary of balance for all data:
## Means Treated Means Control SD Control Mean Diff eQQ Med eQQ Mean
## distance 0.1962 0.1291 0.0785 0.0671 0.0648 0.0651
## hinc12 38786.2206 48191.7696 22435.3533 -9405.5490 8330.0000 9637.8905
## pcol12 28.8822 25.8673 18.4818 3.0149 3.2550 5.1661
## pnhwht12 39.9613 50.1388 32.7336 -10.1775 10.2950 10.6820
## eQQ Max
## distance 1.758e-01
## hinc12 6.056e+04
## pcol12 1.590e+01
## pnhwht12 2.200e+01
##
##
## Summary of balance for matched data:
## Means Treated Means Control SD Control Mean Diff eQQ Med eQQ Mean
## distance 0.1575 0.1586 0.0677 -0.0010 0.0055 0.0065
## hinc12 33054.4062 33230.4688 15115.9430 -176.0625 802.5000 879.3125
## pcol12 14.9809 15.2297 12.9562 -0.2487 1.4200 1.3756
## pnhwht12 28.5600 28.0794 27.3176 0.4806 1.6000 2.3169
## eQQ Max
## distance 0.0161
## hinc12 2542.0000
## pcol12 4.4900
## pnhwht12 7.6900
##
## Percent Balance Improvement:
## Mean Diff. eQQ Med eQQ Mean eQQ Max
## distance 98.4803 91.5614 89.9708 90.8551
## hinc12 98.1281 90.3661 90.8765 95.8025
## pcol12 91.7493 56.3748 73.3721 71.7610
## pnhwht12 95.2776 84.4585 78.3106 65.0455
##
## Sample sizes:
## Control Treated
## All 335 54
## Matched 32 32
## Unmatched 294 21
## Discarded 9 1STEP 04
Assign tracts to groups to treated or untreated tracts by matched or unmatched tracts.
Treated or untreated tracts by Matched or unmatched tracts
assign_groups <- function( matchit.object, dorling.object )
{
if( is.null( matchit.object ) )
{
status <- rep( "control.unmatched", nrow( dorling.object ) )
status[ dorling.object$treatment == 1 ] <- "treatment.unmatched"
dorling.object$status <- status
}
if( ! is.null( matchit.object ) )
{
# extract matched pairs from matchit object
# match matrix is the length of the original treated groups
# IDs are rows of the original dataset
matches <- data.frame( treatment.group.id=row.names( matchit.object$match.matrix),
control.group.id=matchit.object$match.matrix )
these.na <- is.na( matches$control.group.id )
# generate four cases for tracts
id.all.treated <- matches$treatment.group.id
id.treated.matched <- matches$treatment.group.id[ ! these.na ]
id.treated.unmatched <- matches$treatment.group.id[ these.na ]
id.control.matched <- na.omit(matches$control.group.id)
id.control.unmatched <- dorling.object$GEOID [ !( dorling.object$GEOID %in% id.all.treated |
dorling.object$GEOID %in% id.control.matched ) ]
### Assign tract IDs to groups
treated.matched <- na.omit(id.treated.matched) %>% as.numeric
control.matched <- na.omit(id.control.matched) %>% as.numeric
treated.unmatched <- na.omit(id.treated.unmatched) %>% as.numeric
control.unmatched <- na.omit(id.control.unmatched) %>% as.numeric
status <- rep( "control.unmatched", nrow( dorling.object ) )
status[ dorling.object$GEOID %in% control.matched ] <- "control.matched"
status[ dorling.object$GEOID %in% treated.matched ] <- "treatment.matched"
status[ dorling.object$GEOID %in% treated.unmatched ] <- "treatment.unmatched"
dorling.object$status <- status
}
return( dorling.object )
}new.orleans <-
assign_groups( matchit.object=new.orleans.matches,
dorling.object=new.orleans )
table( new.orleans$status )##
## control.matched control.unmatched treatment.matched treatment.unmatched
## 32 303 32 22STEP 05 - Map Matches
Map the matched data based on coloring dependent on groups: Blue - Control group matched Red - Treated group matched Dark Red - Treated group unmatched Grey - Control group unmatched
If there is no counterfactual found, the map will produce a “No Valid Counterfactual Found.”
map_matches <- function( dorling.object, cbsa.name, zoom=TRUE, zoom.range=90 )
{
if( sum( dorling.object$status == "treatment.matched" ) > 0 )
{
### Create color vectors based on matches
color.vector <- rep( "gray80", nrow( dorling.object ) )
color.vector[ dorling.object$status == "control.matched" ] <- "blue"
color.vector[ dorling.object$status == "treatment.matched" ] <- "darkred"
color.vector[ dorling.object$status == "treatment.unmatched" ] <- adjustcolor( "darkred", alpha.f = 0.4 )
border.color <- rep( "gray40", nrow(dorling.object) )
border.color[ dorling.object$status == "treatment.unmatched" ] <- "darkred"
# set zoom
coords <- coordinates( dorling.object ) %>% as.data.frame()
x.min.max <- range( coords$V1, na.rm=T )
y.min.max <- range( coords$V2, na.rm=T )
if( zoom )
{
tail <- ( 100 - zoom.range ) / 200
x.min.max <- quantile( coords$V1, c( 0+tail, 1-tail ) )
y.min.max <- quantile( coords$V2, c( 0+tail, 1-tail ) )
}
par( mar=c(0,0,5,0) )
plot( dorling.object,
col=color.vector,
border=border.color,
xlim=x.min.max,
ylim=y.min.max,
main=toupper(cbsa.name),
cex.main=1.5 )
}
if( sum(dorling.object$treatment, na.rm = TRUE) < 1)
{
cat( "<br><br><hr><br><br>" )
cat( paste0( "<center><h2>","There are no treated tracts in ", toupper(cbsa.name), ".</h2></center>") )
cat( "<br><br><hr><br><br>" )
return( NULL )
}
if( sum( dorling.object$status == "treatment.matched" ) == 0 )
{
par( mar=c(0,0,5,0) )
plot( dorling.object,
col=ifelse( dorling.object$treatment == 1, "darkred", "gray80" ),
main=paste0( toupper(cbsa.name), ": \nNO VALID COUNTERFACTUALS FOUND" ),
cex.main=1.5 )
}
}
Combine Steps
After completing the steps to creating the functions that will find matched twins for the treated groups, you will combine all steps to prepare to loop for all metro CBSAs.
get_matches <- function( cbsa.code, cbsa.catalog,
df.treatment, fo,
zoom.range=90, return.dorling=FALSE )
{
cbsa.name <- cbsa.catalog$cbsaname[ cbsa.catalog$cbsa == cbsa.code ]
dorling.object <- get_dorling( cbsa=cbsa.code, cbsa.catalog )
dorling.object <- add_treatment( df.treatment, dorling.object )
matched.tracts <- match_tracts( fo=fo, dorling.object )
cat( "<br><br><hr><br><br>" )
cat( paste0( "<center><h2>", toupper(cbsa.name), "</h2></center>") )
if( ! is.null(matched.tracts) )
{
cat( matched.tracts$nn %>% pander() )
}
dorling.object <- assign_groups( matched.tracts, dorling.object )
map_matches( dorling.object, cbsa.name, zoom=TRUE, zoom.range )
if( return.dorling ){ return( dorling.object ) }
}fo <- as.formula( "treatment ~ hinc12 + pcol12 + pnhwht12" )
akron <-
get_matches( cbsa.code=10420,
cbsa.catalog=dorlings.catalog,
df.treatment=df.treatment,
fo=fo,
return.dorling=TRUE )
table( akron$status, useNA="ifany" )
map_matches( akron, cbsa.name="AKRON, OH", zoom=FALSE )Create loop for all CBSAs
# dorlings.catalog <- load_crosswalk()
# df.treatment <- # load treatment data
# matching formula
# fo <- as.formula( "treatment ~ hinc12 + pcol12 + pnhwht12" )
# cbsa.code.list <- unique( dorlings.catalog$cbsa )
#
# for( i in cbsa.code.list )
# {
# get_matches( cbsa.code=i,
# cbsa.catalog=dorlings.catalog,
# df.treatment=df.treatment,
# fo=fo )
# }fo <- as.formula( "treatment ~ hinc12 + pcol12 + pnhwht12" )
cbsa.code.list <- unique( dorlings.catalog$cbsa )
for( i in cbsa.code.list [1:191] )
{
get_matches( cbsa.code=i,
cbsa.catalog=dorlings.catalog,
df.treatment=df.treatment,
fo=fo )
}## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ABILENE, TX</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>AKRON, OH</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ALBANY, GA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in ALBANY, GA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ALBANY-SCHENECTADY-TROY, NY</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ALBUQUERQUE, NM</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ALEXANDRIA, LA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ALLENTOWN-BETHLEHEM-EASTON, PA-NJ</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ALTOONA, PA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in ALTOONA, PA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>AMARILLO, TX</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>AMES, IA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in AMES, IA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ANCHORAGE, AK</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ANDERSON, IN</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in ANDERSON, IN.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ANDERSON, SC</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in ANDERSON, SC.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ANN ARBOR, MI</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ANNISTON-OXFORD, AL</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in ANNISTON-OXFORD, AL.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ASHEVILLE, NC</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ATHENS-CLARKE COUNTY, GA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in ATHENS-CLARKE COUNTY, GA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ATLAN CITY, NJ</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ATLANTA-SANDY SPRINGS-MARIETTA, GA</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 931 12
##
## **Matched** 8 8
##
## **Unmatched** 473 4
##
## **Discarded** 450 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>AUBURN-OPELIKA, AL</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in AUBURN-OPELIKA, AL.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>AUGUSTA-RICHMOND COUNTY, GA-SC</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>AUSTIN-ROUND ROCK, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in AUSTIN-ROUND ROCK, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BAKERSFIELD, CA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BALTIMORE-TOWSON, MD</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 646 29
##
## **Matched** 17 17
##
## **Unmatched** 464 12
##
## **Discarded** 165 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BANGOR, ME</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BARNSTABLE TOWN, MA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BATON ROUGE, LA</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 139 11
##
## **Matched** 6 6
##
## **Unmatched** 68 5
##
## **Discarded** 65 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BATTLE CREEK, MI</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in BATTLE CREEK, MI.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BAY CITY, MI</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BEAUMONT-PORT ARTHUR, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in BEAUMONT-PORT ARTHUR, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BEND, OR</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in BEND, OR.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BETHESDA-FREDERICK-GAITHERSBURG, MD</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BILLINGS, MT</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in BILLINGS, MT.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BINGHAMTON, NY</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in BINGHAMTON, NY.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BIRMINGHAM-HOOVER, AL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BISMARCK, ND</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in BISMARCK, ND.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BLOOMINGTON, IN</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BLOOMINGTON-NORMAL, IL</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in BLOOMINGTON-NORMAL, IL.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BOISE CITY-NAMPA, ID</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BOSTON-QUINCY, MA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BOULDER, CO</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BOWLING GREEN, KY</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BRIDGEPORT-STAMFORD-NORWALK, CT</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BROWNSVILLE-HARLINGEN, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in BROWNSVILLE-HARLINGEN, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BRUNSWICK, GA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in BRUNSWICK, GA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BUFFALO-NIAGARA FALLS, NY</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BURLINGTON, NC</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in BURLINGTON, NC.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>BURLINGTON-SOUTH BURLINGTON, VT</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CAMBRIDGE-NEWTON-FRAMINGHAM, MA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CAMDEN, NJ</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CANTON-MASSILLON, OH</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CAPE CORAL-FORT MYERS, FL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CARSON CITY, NV</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in CARSON CITY, NV.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CEDAR RAPIDS, IA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in CEDAR RAPIDS, IA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CHAMPAIGN-URBANA, IL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CHARLESTON-NORTH CHARLESTON, SC</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CHARLOTTE-GASTONIA-CONCORD, NC-SC</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CHATTANOOGA, TN-GA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CHICAGO-NAPERVILLE-JOLIET, IL</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 1806 51
##
## **Matched** 46 46
##
## **Unmatched** 994 5
##
## **Discarded** 766 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CHICO, CA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in CHICO, CA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CINCINNATI-MIDDLETOWN, OH-KY-IN</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 484 15
##
## **Matched** 6 6
##
## **Unmatched** 234 9
##
## **Discarded** 244 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CLARKSVILLE, TN-KY</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in CLARKSVILLE, TN-KY.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CLEVELAND, TN</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 592 40
##
## **Matched** 21 21
##
## **Unmatched** 276 17
##
## **Discarded** 295 2
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CLEVELAND-ELYRIA-MENTOR, OH</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>COEUR D'ALENE, ID</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>COLLEGE STATION-BRYAN, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in COLLEGE STATION-BRYAN, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>COLORADO SPRINGS, CO</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>COLUMBIA, MO</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>COLUMBIA, SC</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in COLUMBIA, SC.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>COLUMBUS, GA-AL</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in COLUMBUS, GA-AL.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>COLUMBUS, IN</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in COLUMBUS, IN.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>COLUMBUS, OH</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 401 18
##
## **Matched** 8 8
##
## **Unmatched** 244 10
##
## **Discarded** 149 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CORPUS CHRISTI, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in CORPUS CHRISTI, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CORVALLIS, OR</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in CORVALLIS, OR.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>CUMBERLAND, MD-WV</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in CUMBERLAND, MD-WV.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>DALLAS-PLANO-IRVING, TX</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>DALTON, GA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in DALTON, GA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>DANVILLE, IL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>DAVENPORT-MOLINE-ROCK ISLAND, IA-IL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>DAYTON, OH</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>DECATUR, AL</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in DECATUR, AL.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>DECATUR, IL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>DELTONA-DAYTONA BEACH-ORMOND BEACH, FL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>DENVER-AURORA, CO</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 578 37
##
## **Matched** 17 17
##
## **Unmatched** 480 20
##
## **Discarded** 81 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>DES MOINES, IA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>DETROIT-LIVONIA-DEARBORN, MI</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 590 13
##
## **Matched** 6 6
##
## **Unmatched** 303 6
##
## **Discarded** 281 1
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>DOTHAN, AL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>DOVER, DE</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in DOVER, DE.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>DUBUQUE, IA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>DULUTH, MN-WI</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>DURHAM, NC</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 100 7
##
## **Matched** 4 4
##
## **Unmatched** 73 3
##
## **Discarded** 23 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>EDISON, NJ</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 503 6
##
## **Matched** 2 2
##
## **Unmatched** 29 4
##
## **Discarded** 472 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>EL CENTRO, CA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>EL PASO, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in EL PASO, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ELIZABETHTOWN, KY</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in ELIZABETHTOWN, KY.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ELKHART-GOSHEN, IN</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in ELKHART-GOSHEN, IN.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ELMIRA, NY</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ERIE, PA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in ERIE, PA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ESSEX COUNTY, MA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>EUGENE-SPRINGFIELD, OR</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in EUGENE-SPRINGFIELD, OR.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>EVANSVILLE, IN-KY</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in EVANSVILLE, IN-KY.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>FAIRBANKS, AK</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>FARGO, ND-MN</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>FARMINGTON, NM</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>FAYETTEVILLE, NC</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>FAYETTEVILLE-SPRINGDALE-ROGERS, AR-MO</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>FLAGSTAFF, AZ</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in FLAGSTAFF, AZ.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>FLINT, MI</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>FLORENCE, SC</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in FLORENCE, SC.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>FLORENCE-MUSCLE SHOALS, AL</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in FLORENCE-MUSCLE SHOALS, AL.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>FORT COLLINS-LOVELAND, CO</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>FORT SMITH, AR-OK</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>FORT WALTON BEACH-CRESTVIEW-DESTIN, FL</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in FORT WALTON BEACH-CRESTVIEW-DESTIN, FL.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>FORT WAYNE, IN</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>FORT WORTH-ARLINGTON, TX</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 407 7
##
## **Matched** 5 5
##
## **Unmatched** 187 2
##
## **Discarded** 215 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>FRESNO, CA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>FT LAUDERDALE-POMPANO BEACH-DEERFIELD</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>GADSDEN, AL</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in GADSDEN, AL.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>GAINESVILLE, FL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>GAINESVILLE, GA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>GARY, IN IVISION</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>GLENS FALLS, NY</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in GLENS FALLS, NY.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>GOLDSBORO, NC</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in GOLDSBORO, NC.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>GRAND FORKS, ND-MN</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>GRAND JUNCTION, CO</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>GRAND RAPIDS-WYOMING, MI</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>GREAT FALLS, MT</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in GREAT FALLS, MT.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>GREELEY, CO</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in GREELEY, CO.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>GREENSBORO-HIGH POINT, NC</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>GREENVILLE, NC</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in GREENVILLE, NC.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>GREENVILLE, SC</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>GULFPORT-BILOXI, MS</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>HAGERSTOWN-MARTINSBURG, MD-WV</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>HANFORD-CORCORAN, CA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in HANFORD-CORCORAN, CA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>HARRISBURG-CARLISLE, PA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>HARTFORD-WEST HARTFORD-EAST HARTFORD, C</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>HATTIESBURG, MS</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>HICKORY-LENOIR-MORGANTON, NC</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in HICKORY-LENOIR-MORGANTON, NC.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>HINESVILLE-FORT STEWART, GA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in HINESVILLE-FORT STEWART, GA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>HOLLAND-GRAND HAVEN, MI</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in HOLLAND-GRAND HAVEN, MI.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>HONOLULU, HI</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>HOT SPRINGS, AR</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>HOUMA-BAYOU CANE-THIBODAUX, LA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>HOUSTON-BAYTOWN-SUGAR LAND, TX</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 1060 12
##
## **Matched** 11 11
##
## **Unmatched** 695 1
##
## **Discarded** 354 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>HUNTINGTON-ASHLAND, WV-KY-OH</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>HUNTSVILLE, AL</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in HUNTSVILLE, AL.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>IDAHO FALLS, ID</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>INDIANAPOLIS, IN</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>IOWA CITY, IA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in IOWA CITY, IA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ITHACA, NY</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>JACKSON, MI</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in JACKSON, MI.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>JACKSON, MS</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 109 14
##
## **Matched** 4 4
##
## **Unmatched** 70 8
##
## **Discarded** 35 2
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>JACKSON, TN</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in JACKSON, TN.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>JACKSONVILLE, FL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>JACKSONVILLE, NC</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in JACKSONVILLE, NC.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>JEFFERSON CITY, MO</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in JEFFERSON CITY, MO.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>JOHNSON CITY, TN</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in JOHNSON CITY, TN.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>JOHNSTOWN, PA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in JOHNSTOWN, PA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>JONESBORO, AR</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in JONESBORO, AR.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>JOPLIN, MO</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in JOPLIN, MO.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>KALAMAZOO-PORTAGE, MI</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>KANKAKEE-BRADLEY, IL</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in KANKAKEE-BRADLEY, IL.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>KANSAS CITY, MO-KS</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 506 16
##
## **Matched** 9 9
##
## **Unmatched** 174 7
##
## **Discarded** 323 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>KILLEEN-TEMPLE-FORT HOOD, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in KILLEEN-TEMPLE-FORT HOOD, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>KINGSPORT-BRISTOL-BRISTOL, TN-VA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>KINGSTON, NY</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>KNOXVILLE, TN</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in KNOXVILLE, TN.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>KOKOMO, IN</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in KOKOMO, IN.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LA CROSSE, WI-MN</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LA CROSSE, WI-MN.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LAFAYETTE, IN</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LAFAYETTE, IN.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LAFAYETTE, LA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LAKE CHARLES, LA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LAKE COUNTY-KENOSHA COUNTY, IL-WI</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LAKE COUNTY-KENOSHA COUNTY, IL-WI.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LAKELAND, FL</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LAKELAND, FL.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LANCASTER, PA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LANCASTER, PA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LANSING-EAST LANSING, MI</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LAREDO, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LAREDO, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LAS CRUCES, NM</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LAS CRUCES, NM.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LAS VEGAS-PARADISE, NV</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LAS VEGAS-PARADISE, NV.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LAWRENCE, KS</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LAWRENCE, KS.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LAWTON, OK</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LAWTON, OK.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LEBANON, PA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LEBANON, PA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LEWISTON, ID-WA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LEWISTON-AUBURN, ME</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LEWISTON-AUBURN, ME.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LEXINGTON-FAYETTE, KY</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LIMA, OH</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LIMA, OH.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LINCOLN, NE</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LINCOLN, NE.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LITTLE ROCK-NORTH LITTLE ROCK, AR</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LOGAN, UT-ID</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LOGAN, UT-ID.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LONGVIEW, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LONGVIEW, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br>fo <- as.formula( "treatment ~ hinc12 + pcol12 + pnhwht12" )
cbsa.code.list <- unique( dorlings.catalog$cbsa )
for( i in cbsa.code.list [193:195] )
{
get_matches( cbsa.code=i,
cbsa.catalog=dorlings.catalog,
df.treatment=df.treatment,
fo=fo )
}## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LOUISVILLE, KY-IN</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 301 15
##
## **Matched** 5 5
##
## **Unmatched** 137 10
##
## **Discarded** 159 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LUBBOCK, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LUBBOCK, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>LYNCHBURG, VA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in LYNCHBURG, VA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br>fo <- as.formula( "treatment ~ hinc12 + pcol12 + pnhwht12" )
cbsa.code.list <- unique( dorlings.catalog$cbsa )
for( i in cbsa.code.list [196:206] )
{
get_matches( cbsa.code=i,
cbsa.catalog=dorlings.catalog,
df.treatment=df.treatment,
fo=fo )
}## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MACON, GA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in MACON, GA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MADERA, CA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in MADERA, CA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MANCHESTER-NASHUA, NH</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MANSFIELD, OH</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in MANSFIELD, OH.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MCALLEN-EDINBURG-PHARR, TX</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MEDFORD, OR</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in MEDFORD, OR.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MEMPHIS, TN-MS-AR</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MERCED, CA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MIAMI-MIAMI BEACH-KENDALL, FL</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 497 13
##
## **Matched** 10 10
##
## **Unmatched** 353 3
##
## **Discarded** 134 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MICHIGAN CITY-LA PORTE, IN</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in MICHIGAN CITY-LA PORTE, IN.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MIDLAND, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in MIDLAND, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br>fo <- as.formula( "treatment ~ hinc12 + pcol12 + pnhwht12" )
cbsa.code.list <- unique( dorlings.catalog$cbsa )
for( i in cbsa.code.list [208:293] )
{
get_matches( cbsa.code=i,
cbsa.catalog=dorlings.catalog,
df.treatment=df.treatment,
fo=fo )
}## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL-BLOOMINGTON, MN-WI</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 737 34
##
## **Matched** 16 16
##
## **Unmatched** 332 17
##
## **Discarded** 389 1
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MISSOULA, MT</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MOBILE, AL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MODESTO, CA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MONROE, LA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MONROE, MI</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in MONROE, MI.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MONTGOMERY, AL</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in MONTGOMERY, AL.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MORRISTOWN, TN</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in MORRISTOWN, TN.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MUNCIE, IN</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MUSKEGON-NORTON SHORES, MI A</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in MUSKEGON-NORTON SHORES, MI A.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>MYRTLE BEACH-CONWAY-NORTH MYRTLE BEACH,</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in MYRTLE BEACH-CONWAY-NORTH MYRTLE BEACH,.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>NAPA, CA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in NAPA, CA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>NAPLES-MARCO ISLAND, FL A</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in NAPLES-MARCO ISLAND, FL A.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>NASHVILLE-DAVIDSON--MURFREESBORO, TN</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 355 6
##
## **Matched** 3 3
##
## **Unmatched** 51 3
##
## **Discarded** 301 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>NASSAU-SUFFOLK, NY</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>NEW HAVEN-MILFORD, CT</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>NEW ORLEANS-METAIRIE-KENNER, LA</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 335 54
##
## **Matched** 32 32
##
## **Unmatched** 294 21
##
## **Discarded** 9 1
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>NEW YORK-WAYNE-WHITE PLAINS, NY-NJ</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>NEWARK-UNION, NJ-PA</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 479 24
##
## **Matched** 22 22
##
## **Unmatched** 425 2
##
## **Discarded** 32 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>NILES-BENTON HARBOR, MI</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>NORWICH-NEW LONDON, CT</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>OAKLAND-FREMONT-HAYWARD, CA</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 528 39
##
## **Matched** 27 27
##
## **Unmatched** 498 11
##
## **Discarded** 3 1
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>OCALA, FL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>OCEAN CITY, NJ</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in OCEAN CITY, NJ.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ODESSA, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in ODESSA, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>OGDEN-CLEARFIELD, UT</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>OKLAHOMA CITY, OK</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 339 24
##
## **Matched** 15 15
##
## **Unmatched** 270 9
##
## **Discarded** 54 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>OMAHA-COUNCIL BLUFFS, NE-IA</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 249 6
##
## **Matched** 2 2
##
## **Unmatched** 145 3
##
## **Discarded** 102 1
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ORLANDO, FL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>OWENSBORO, KY</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in OWENSBORO, KY.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>OXNARD-THOUSAND OAKS-VENTURA, CA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in OXNARD-THOUSAND OAKS-VENTURA, CA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PALM BAY-MELBOURNE-TITUSVILLE, FL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PANAMA CITY-LYNN HAVEN, FL</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in PANAMA CITY-LYNN HAVEN, FL.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PARKERSBURG-MARIETTA, WV-OH</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in PARKERSBURG-MARIETTA, WV-OH.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PASCAGOULA, MS</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PENSACOLA-FERRY PASS-BRENT, FL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PEORIA, IL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PHILADELPHIA, PA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PHOENIX-MESA-SCOTTSDALE, AZ</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 950 37
##
## **Matched** 27 27
##
## **Unmatched** 558 10
##
## **Discarded** 365 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PINE BLUFF, AR</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PITTSBURGH, PA</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 689 15
##
## **Matched** 8 8
##
## **Unmatched** 174 7
##
## **Discarded** 507 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PITTSFIELD, MA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>POCATELLO, ID</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PORT ST. LUCIE-FORT PIERCE, FL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PORTLAND-SOUTH PORTLAND-BIDDEFORD, ME</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PORTLAND-VANCOUVER-BEAVERTON, OR-WA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>POUGHKEEPSIE-NEWBURGH-MIDDLETOWN, NY</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PRESCOTT, AZ</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PROVIDENCE-NEW BEDFORD-FALL RIVER, RI-M</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PROVO-OREM, UT</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in PROVO-OREM, UT.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PUEBLO, CO</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>PUNTA GORDA, FL</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in PUNTA GORDA, FL.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>RALEIGH-CARY, NC</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>RAPID CITY, SD</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in RAPID CITY, SD.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>READING, PA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in READING, PA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>REDDING, CA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in REDDING, CA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>RENO-SPARKS, NV</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>RICHMOND, VA</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 298 4
##
## **Matched** 2 2
##
## **Unmatched** 52 2
##
## **Discarded** 244 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>RIVERSIDE-SAN BERNARDINO-ONTARIO, CA</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 800 20
##
## **Matched** 15 15
##
## **Unmatched** 685 4
##
## **Discarded** 100 1
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ROCHESTER, MN</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in ROCHESTER, MN.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ROCHESTER, NY</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 259 4
##
## **Matched** 2 2
##
## **Unmatched** 49 2
##
## **Discarded** 208 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ROCKFORD, IL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ROCKINGHAM COUNTY, NH</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ROCKY MOUNT, NC</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ROME, GA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in ROME, GA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SACRAMENTO--ARDEN-ARCADE--ROSEVILLE, CA</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 472 12
##
## **Matched** 4 4
##
## **Unmatched** 129 7
##
## **Discarded** 339 1
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SAGINAW-SAGINAW TOWNSHIP NORTH, MI</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in SAGINAW-SAGINAW TOWNSHIP NORTH, MI.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SALEM, OR</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SALINAS, CA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SALISBURY, MD</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SALT LAKE CITY, UT</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 222 12
##
## **Matched** 2 2
##
## **Unmatched** 32 8
##
## **Discarded** 188 2
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SAN ANGELO, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in SAN ANGELO, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SAN ANTONIO, TX</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SAN DIEGO-CARLSBAD-SAN MARCOS, CA</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 587 39
##
## **Matched** 28 28
##
## **Unmatched** 249 11
##
## **Discarded** 310 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SAN FRANCISCO-SAN MATEO-REDWOOD CITY,CA</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 387 19
##
## **Matched** 12 12
##
## **Unmatched** 331 7
##
## **Discarded** 44 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SAN JOSE-SUNNYVALE-SANTA CLARA, CA</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 371 12
##
## **Matched** 6 6
##
## **Unmatched** 111 5
##
## **Discarded** 254 1
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SAN LUIS OBISPO-PASO ROBLES, CA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in SAN LUIS OBISPO-PASO ROBLES, CA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SANDUSKY, OH</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in SANDUSKY, OH.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SANTA ANA-ANAHEIM-IRVINE, CA</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 571 11
##
## **Matched** 9 9
##
## **Unmatched** 336 1
##
## **Discarded** 226 1
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SANTA BARBARA-SANTA MARIA-GOLETA, CA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in SANTA BARBARA-SANTA MARIA-GOLETA, CA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SANTA CRUZ-WATSONVILLE, CA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in SANTA CRUZ-WATSONVILLE, CA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SANTA FE, NM</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SANTA ROSA-PETALUMA, CA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SARASOTA-BRADENTON-VENICE, FL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SAVANNAH, GA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SCRANTON--WILKES-BARRE, PA</h2></center>
fo <- as.formula( "treatment ~ hinc12 + pcol12 + pnhwht12" )
cbsa.code.list <- unique( dorlings.catalog$cbsa )
for( i in cbsa.code.list [295:349] )
{
get_matches( cbsa.code=i,
cbsa.catalog=dorlings.catalog,
df.treatment=df.treatment,
fo=fo )
}## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SHERMAN-DENISON, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in SHERMAN-DENISON, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SHREVEPORT-BOSSIER CITY, LA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in SHREVEPORT-BOSSIER CITY, LA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SIOUX CITY, IA-NE-SD</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SIOUX FALLS, SD</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in SIOUX FALLS, SD.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SOUTH BEND-MISHAWAKA, IN-MI</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SPARTANBURG, SC</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SPRINGFIELD, IL</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in SPRINGFIELD, IL.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SPRINGFIELD, MA</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 145 12
##
## **Matched** 8 8
##
## **Unmatched** 40 4
##
## **Discarded** 97 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SPRINGFIELD, MO</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in SPRINGFIELD, MO.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SPRINGFIELD, OH</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in SPRINGFIELD, OH.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ST. CLOUD, MN</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ST. GEORGE, UT</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ST. JOSEPH, MO-KS</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>ST. LOUIS, MO-IL</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 587 39
##
## **Matched** 23 23
##
## **Unmatched** 554 15
##
## **Discarded** 10 1
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>STATE COLLEGE, PA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in STATE COLLEGE, PA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>STOCKTON, CA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SUMTER, SC</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in SUMTER, SC.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>SYRACUSE, NY</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>TALLAHASSEE, FL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>TAMPA-ST. PETERSBURG-CLEARWATER, FL</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 729 6
##
## **Matched** 4 4
##
## **Unmatched** 303 2
##
## **Discarded** 422 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>TERRE HAUTE, IN</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>TEXARKANA, TX-TEXARKANA, AR</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in TEXARKANA, TX-TEXARKANA, AR.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>TOLEDO, OH</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>TOPEKA, KS</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in TOPEKA, KS.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>TRENTON-EWING, NJ</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>TUCSON, AZ</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>TULSA, OK</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>TUSCALOOSA, AL</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in TUSCALOOSA, AL.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>TYLER, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in TYLER, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>U A-ROME, NY</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>VALDOSTA, GA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>VALLEJO-FAIRFIELD, CA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>VERO BEACH, FL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>VICTORIA, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in VICTORIA, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>VINELAND-MILLVILLE-BRIDGETON, NJ AT</h2></center>
## -----------------------------------
## Control Treated
## --------------- --------- ---------
## **All** 30 4
##
## **Matched** 2 2
##
## **Unmatched** 10 2
##
## **Discarded** 18 0
## -----------------------------------
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>VIRGINIA BEACH-NORFOLK-NEWPORT NEWS, VA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>VISALIA-PORTERVILLE, CA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>WACO, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in WACO, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>WARNER ROBINS, GA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in WARNER ROBINS, GA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>WARREN-FARMINGTON-HILLS-TROY, MI</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>WASHINGTON-ARLINGTON-ALEXANDRIA DC-VA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>WATERLOO-CEDAR FALLS, IA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>WEIRTON-STEUBENVILLE, WV-OH</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in WEIRTON-STEUBENVILLE, WV-OH.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>WEST PALM BEACH-BOCA RATON-BOYNTON FL</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>WHEELING, WV-OH</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in WHEELING, WV-OH.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>WICHITA FALLS, TX</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in WICHITA FALLS, TX.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>WICHITA, KS</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in WICHITA, KS.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>WILLIAMSPORT, PA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in WILLIAMSPORT, PA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>WILMINGTON, DE-MD-NJ</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>WILMINGTON, NC</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>WINSTON-SALEM, NC</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>WORCESTER, MA</h2></center>
## <br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>YORK-HANOVER, PA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in YORK-HANOVER, PA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>YOUNGSTOWN-WARREN-BOARDMAN, OH-PA</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>There are no treated tracts in YOUNGSTOWN-WARREN-BOARDMAN, OH-PA.</h2></center><br><br><hr><br><br><br><br><hr><br><br><center><h2>YUBA CITY, CA</h2></center>